Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Has the iranian revolution influenced islamic revivalism elsewhere or is. In 1963, the shah initiated his white revolution, a series of farreaching reforms intended to modernize and westernize iran. Cutrone, the failure of the islamic revolution 8309 37 protests will escalate, precipitating the demise of the islamic republic. The iranian political elite, state and society relations, and foreign. Afghan insurgents could give the soviets an excuse.
The fifth essay, religion, the most important element in the islamic revolution s victory, is a selection from the book the islamic revolution and its roots. The iranian revolution was the islamic revolution that replaced the secular monarchy of shah mohammad reza pahlavi with a religious republic led by ayatollah ruhollah khomeini its causes continue to be the subject of historical debate and are believed to have stemmed partly from a conservative backlash opposing the westernization, modernization and secularization efforts. Banisadr appears to be taking steps to increase support for unrest in iraq and afghanistan. Apr 23, 2014 ayatollah khomeini start a movement base on pure islamic thought ashura and made a social movement that an islamic republic government concluded from that. Khomeinis theory of islamic state and the making of the iranian. Secondly, an ultraconservative movement by islamic clerics, led by the ayatollah khomeini, to turn back the clock and help iran revert to a traditional islamic state took hold in the antishah.
The iranian revolution of 197779 was the first in a series of mass popular civil insurrections which would result in the overthrow of authoritarian regimes in dozens of countries over the next three decades. The fifth essay, religion, the most important element in the islamic revolutions victory, is a selection from the book the islamic revolution and its roots. But let us be clear in our minds, that this is not even the first step on the road to islamic revolution or the creation of an islamic state. Throughout islamic history, the religion of islam has been used to legitimise political assassinations, hostage taking, suicide bombing, invasion and violent revolution. The islamic revolution ayatollah ruhollah khomeini returns from exile in france at mehrabad airport in 1979 as the shahs regime became increasingly repressive, popular discontent grew, and mass demonstrations erupted in 1977. This is evidenced by the almost universal use of such words as drama, stage, scene, role, even actor, in speaking of revolutionary events. The urban class women definitely got some kind of favour from feministic policy of the state but on the large scale it added fuel to shahs opposition. Islamic revolution simple english wikipedia, the free. In the summer of 2014, over the course of one hundred days, the islamic state of iraq and the levant isis transformed the politics of the middle east. Israr ahmad rendered into english by ghulam rabbani shah the divinely ordained obligations of a muslim can be understood as having three levels. Aug 17, 2009 remembering irans 1979 islamic revolution as part of a series of conversations marking 1979 as a seminal year in the muslim world, steve inskeep talks to iranianborn journalist kasra naji about.
Mojahedin of the islamic revolution organization persian. Islamic extremists capture the us embassy and hold 52 americans hostage. In 1979, a drastic change has been occurred in iran. W the above volume has for many years been the most important reference for outlining the general course of the roots of the islamic revolution in iranian universities. September 16,1941 february 11, 1979 background he was very unpopular with the public. Muslims led by ayatollah khomeini, helped iran revert to a traditional islamic state. Turkeys role in the middle east united states institute of. Ayatollah khomeini start a movement base on pure islamic thought ashura and made a social movement that an islamic republic government concluded from that. Lapiduss classic a history of islamic societies has been substantially revised to incorporate the new scholarship and insights of the last twenty. Mar 23, 2010 but let us be clear in our minds, that this is not even the first step on the road to islamic revolution or the creation of an islamic state. Khomeinis theory of islamic state and the making of the. The process of islamic revolution sayyid abul ala maududi islamic publications lahore 1977. The organization for the islamic revolution in the arabian peninsula arabic.
But the outcome would have been significantly different if the. Choose from 500 different sets of iran islamic revolution flashcards on quizlet. The roots of the islamic revolution can be traced to developments that long predated it. Pdf foreign policy of iran after islamic revolution. Ideological principles treat the state in this manner. The ayatollah did a great job of demonizing the west to the point where nearly. Turkeys future role in the middle east 23 conference participants 27 about the author 28 about the institute 29. This book is the last work by the author, a leading thinker of islamic political thought, before his death in 1996. The shah, irans ruler for nearly four decades, had fled the country. He studies the phenomenon called the islamic revolution and insists that, like a scientific process, the islamic revolution must be repeatable. Speeches and declarations a warning to the nation1941 169 in commemoration of the martyrs at qum april 3, 1963 174. Islamist revolutionaries opposed the western secular policies of the authoritarian shah of iran mohammed reza pahlavi. The most recent shah of iran was mohammad reza pahlavi. While these reforms produced rapid economic growth, they also led to social dislocation, rapid.
The process of islamic revolution linkedin slideshare. Supporters of ayatollah khomeini organized protests in opposition to the authoritarian government of the shah. Ah in this book will indicate alhijrah, the calendar that begins with the migration of muhammad s from makkah to madinah on july 16, 622 ce. Guardians of the islamic revolution deep blue university of. The reader will probably agree with this approach in the end.
The iranian revolution of 1979 was a pivotal moment in revolutionary history. Pdf this paper intends to explore the role and key contributions that ayatollah ruhollah played in. I would say that the primary change in iran after the 1979 revolution was the changed relationship with the west. Mir and khaki globalization and post islamic revolution 77 khomeini and created tension in qom among the leading clergy. The islamic revolution occurred in 1979, in the muslim majority country of iran. The iranian revolution 1977 1979 download pdf version by stephen zunes april 2009. Khomeini argued that islamic law outlines an islamic state in which the clergy supervise the execution of islamic laws. What are the main points of the islamic revolution in 1979. Islamist revolutionaries opposed the western secular policies of the authoritarian shah of iran mohammed reza pahlavi supporters of ayatollah khomeini organized protests in opposition to the authoritarian government of the shah. By looking at the historical, domestic, international, and socioeconomic factors related to the revolution, this case study examines the turbulent context of iranian society in.
Learn iran islamic revolution with free interactive flashcards. The iranian revolution past, present and future glittering achievements, the sassanid empire was characterised by extreme oppression of the downtrodden masses. Remembering irans 1979 islamic revolution as part of a series of conversations marking 1979 as a seminal year in the muslim world, steve inskeep talks to iranianborn journalist kasra naji about. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Arabiyah, oir, irap or oirap was an underground political organization led by hassan alsaffar that was active in saudi arabia and advocated a shia islamic revolution. In 1953, the american cia helped to overthrow a democratically elected prime minister in iran and restore the shah to his throne. Roots of iranian revolution at 1979 nail kayapinar the objective of this paper is realize the main reasons of the islamic revolution in iran in 1979 and see what is changed by revolution. Following the success of the revolution, the islamists instituted a theocratic dictatorship and wiped out the workers movement and the left. The clergy first showed themselves to be a powerful political force in opposition to irans monarch with the 1891 tobacco protest boycott that effectively destroyed an unpopular concession granted by the shah giving a british company a monopoly over buying and selling tobacco in iran. Celebrating its 35th anniversary, irans islamic revolution shocked the world and redrew the map of global alliances. Sixth, the land reform generated acrimony between the ulama and the shahs regime. Background and causes of the iranian revolution wikipedia. These include turkeys differing political culture and geographic marginality, as well as the fact that other regionssuch as the balkans, cyprus, and the states of the former soviet unionare of greater importance to. Shia clergy or ulama have historically had a significant influence in iran. As indicated earlier, imam khomeini had once discussed the question of governance of the jurist in najaf in thirteen instructional sessions of which the present book is the transcription and edited form of the same course instructions. Came to power during world war two after an anglosoviet. This paper proposes a short apprehension of the reflections of one of the most important progressive islamic scholars, the egyptian theologian.
The process of an islamic revolution pakistan enjoys a especial significance in the context of the contemporary global movement for islamic revival and renaissance. But, were that to happen, maybe all that will be destroyed is the republic and not its islamist politics, resulting in a rule of the mullahs without the accoutrements of democracy. The iranian revolution at 30 middle east institute. They pressure it to sacrifice itself for its ideals, and therein lies the central contradiction of the islamic revolution. Summary v preface viii 1 introduction 1 2 background 2 3 historical and geostrategic context 5 4 turkey, the kurds, and relations with iraq 8 5 turkey and iran 12 6 turkey, syria, and the water crisis 16 7 turkey and the middle east peace process 20 8 conclusion. Nevertheless, for the iranian world the advent of islam meant not liberation but defeat and conquest by an alien people. A multiclass opposition overthrew an autocratic ruler, leading to the establishment of a theocratic state. Rising above the events in iran, he considers much of the shii and sunni theology to be divisive, and identifies ideas that are. It was a revolution in the true sense of the concept for its lust for justice, liberty and equality. The concept of exporting the islamic revolution derives from a particular worldview that perceives islamic revolution as the means whereby muslims and nonmuslims can liberate themselves from the oppression of tyrants who. Turkeys future role in the middle east is likely to expand, but it will remain limited for a number of reasons.
Causes and effects of iranian revolution flashcards quizlet. Organization for the islamic revolution in the arabian. A history of islamic societies, third edition this third edition of ira m. Ideology, politics, and the development of military power in iran 19792009 by. The iranian revolution of february 1979, by homa katouzian.
Edward said and the iranian revolution david zarnett the iranian revolution was not only a godsend for those muslims who identified with its cause, it was also a blessing for those among the american left who saw it as a significant blow against the evil american empire. The supremacy of polytheism was brought to an end by the islamic revolution, which replaced it with monotheism, making it the dominant creed of the times. The first obligation is to unconditionally obey the commandments of almighty allah swt with an. Postwar iraq together with additional views, 25 may 2007. What changes occurred in iran after the revolution in 1979. Many researchers believe that islamic revolution is a part of a turning point of an i. Now the constitution of the islamic republic, as the announcement of the structure and political, social, cultural and economic relationships within society, must guide the way towards the consolidation of the foundations of islamic government, and produce the design for a new order of government in substitution for the old idolatrous order. Irans islamic revolution after the overthrow of the shah, an american ally became one of its biggest adversaries. Mojahedin of the islamic revolution organization wikipedia. This outcome contrasts sharply with other modern revolutionary movements, which have been fought in the name of nationalism or socialism and which have concluded. Khomeini, who later became the leader of the islamic revolution, reinterpreted the shia political thought and proposed a novel islamic theory of state. Irans islamic revolution, new york times upfront, accessed february 20. The justifications for jihad, war and revolution in islam bibliography.
The islamic revolution the shah the shah was the emperor of iran. There were more than 40,000 vaqfholdings lands endowed for charitable purposes in 1960. Then an antishah atmosphere appeared and it appealed to the young people in iran. The shah was a modernizer in many ways, promoting the growth of a modern economy and a middle. Revolution is defined as a sudden, radical or complete change. Supreme council of islamic revolution in iraq sici supreme islamic council of iraq, formerly sciri. Turkeys role in the middle east united states institute. In revolutions, even more than in other forms of political activity, there is an element of theater.
Abolhasan banisadr is elected the first president of the islamic republic. Revolutionaries are, of course, conscious of this dramatic element. By roger cohen, new york times upfront newsmagazine for teens 1 tehran, irans capital, was in a state of revolt on jan. Lapiduss history explores the beginnings and transformations of islamic civilizations in the middle east and. Second edition the making of irans islamic revolution. Holy warriors of the islamic revolution was an umbrella political organization in iran, founded in 1979 by unification of seven underground islamist revolutionary paramilitary and civil organizations which. The iranian revolution a history and analysis of the revolution in which socialists aligned themselves with islamists to overthrow the westbacked shah. Start studying causes and effects of iranian revolution. There are, indeed, a number of indications that pakistan is destined to play a pivotal role concerning the future of islam, and that pakistan will have the honor of leading the.
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